Genetics of Sexual Behavior

1. How does a male mouse react, when another male mouse is dropped into its cage?

Sniffs it to decide if it's a castrated male or not. Fights if the intruder is castrated, leaves it alone if not. Sniffs it to decide if it's a castrated male or not. Leaves it alone if the intruder is castrated, fights if not. Immediately starts mating! Tries to climb out of cage and run away.

2. The animals of which species secrete oxytocin and vasopressin?

Voles. Mice. Humans. All of the above.

3. How to make a female mouse bisexual?

Destroy its vomeronasal organ. Destroy its main olfactory epithelium. Inject it with oxytocin. Castrate it.

4. How to make a male prairie vole polygamous?

Prairie voles already are polygamous! Block vasopressin receptors. Feed it vasopressin. House it with multiple female voles.

5. How is human sexual identity linked to the size of certain brain areas?

Polygamous people have larger main olfactory epithelium than monogamous people. Female-to-male transsexuals have a certain brain area of the same size as men, but different than women. Homosexual men have a smaller vomeronasal organ than heterosexual men. There is no brain area whose size would be correlated with sexual identity.

6. What would happen to a male mouse if we removed its main olfactory epithelium?

Would start fighting with females instead of mating. Would start mating with females and males. Would start mating with males, and fighting with females. Wouldn't mate with females and fight with other males anymore.

7. The smell of which people I would find the most attractive?

The ones with the most similar MHC. The ones with partially different MHC. The ones with the most similar TRP channels. The ones with partially different TRP channels.

8. How does oxytocin make female voles - and women! - more attached to their partners?

It blocks the memories of all previous partners. It makes them infertile to all other partners. It helps to link the pleasant sensation with the features of the partner (what he looks, sounds, smells like). It makes them bisexual.

9. What is the definition of a mouse pheromone?

A molecule that regulates mouse immunity to pathogens (invading bacteria, viruses, etc) A chemical compound, secreted by mice, that makes other mice lose their sense of smell. A receptor for hormone that is released during mating: specifically, oxytocin in females, vasopressin in males. A chemical compound, secreted by mice, that triggers a specific behavior in other mice.

10. How do we test whether a vole is monogamous or polygamous?

Knock out a gene in its main olfactory epithelium. Smell it! Monogamous voles have a distinct smell of oxytocin. Keep it in a cage alone, then put another vole of the same sex into the same cage, see what happens: if they mate or fight. Find out if it prefers to be with a vole that it has mated with, or with a new vole that it hasn't seen before.

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  <h1 style="color: #376e93;">Genetics of Sexual Behavior </h1>
      <img src="https://www.flufo.com/i/q/4527862.jpg" alt="" border="0" align="right" />   
    <br />        
      <div style="padding: 5px 0;">1.
      <strong>How does a male mouse react, when another male mouse is dropped into its cage?</strong>  
    </div>
                <label style="display: block; margin: 3px 0;"><input type="radio" name="correctAnswer[16798]" value="A" /> Sniffs it to decide if it&#039;s a castrated male or not. Fights if the intruder is castrated, leaves it alone if not.</label>
                  <label style="display: block; margin: 3px 0;"><input type="radio" name="correctAnswer[16798]" value="B" /> Sniffs it to decide if it&#039;s a castrated male or not. Leaves it alone if the intruder is castrated, fights if not.</label>
                  <label style="display: block; margin: 3px 0;"><input type="radio" name="correctAnswer[16798]" value="C" /> Immediately starts mating!</label>
                  <label style="display: block; margin: 3px 0;"><input type="radio" name="correctAnswer[16798]" value="D" /> Tries to climb out of cage and run away.</label>
      <br />        
      <div style="padding: 5px 0;">2.
      <strong>The animals of which species secrete oxytocin and vasopressin?</strong>  
    </div>
                <label style="display: block; margin: 3px 0;"><input type="radio" name="correctAnswer[16799]" value="A" /> Voles.</label>
                  <label style="display: block; margin: 3px 0;"><input type="radio" name="correctAnswer[16799]" value="B" /> Mice.</label>
                  <label style="display: block; margin: 3px 0;"><input type="radio" name="correctAnswer[16799]" value="C" /> Humans.</label>
                  <label style="display: block; margin: 3px 0;"><input type="radio" name="correctAnswer[16799]" value="D" /> All of the above.</label>
      <br />        
      <div style="padding: 5px 0;">3.
      <strong>How to make a female mouse bisexual?</strong>  
    </div>
                <label style="display: block; margin: 3px 0;"><input type="radio" name="correctAnswer[16800]" value="A" /> Destroy its vomeronasal organ.</label>
                  <label style="display: block; margin: 3px 0;"><input type="radio" name="correctAnswer[16800]" value="B" /> Destroy its main olfactory epithelium.</label>
                  <label style="display: block; margin: 3px 0;"><input type="radio" name="correctAnswer[16800]" value="C" /> Inject it with oxytocin.</label>
                  <label style="display: block; margin: 3px 0;"><input type="radio" name="correctAnswer[16800]" value="D" /> Castrate it.</label>
      <br />        
      <div style="padding: 5px 0;">4.
      <strong>How to make a male prairie vole polygamous?</strong>  
    </div>
                <label style="display: block; margin: 3px 0;"><input type="radio" name="correctAnswer[16801]" value="A" /> Prairie voles already are polygamous!</label>
                  <label style="display: block; margin: 3px 0;"><input type="radio" name="correctAnswer[16801]" value="B" /> Block vasopressin receptors.</label>
                  <label style="display: block; margin: 3px 0;"><input type="radio" name="correctAnswer[16801]" value="C" /> Feed it vasopressin.</label>
                  <label style="display: block; margin: 3px 0;"><input type="radio" name="correctAnswer[16801]" value="D" /> House it with multiple female voles.</label>
      <br />        
      <div style="padding: 5px 0;">5.
      <strong>How is human sexual identity linked to the size of certain brain areas?</strong>  
    </div>
                <label style="display: block; margin: 3px 0;"><input type="radio" name="correctAnswer[16802]" value="A" /> Polygamous people have larger main olfactory epithelium than monogamous people.</label>
                  <label style="display: block; margin: 3px 0;"><input type="radio" name="correctAnswer[16802]" value="B" /> Female-to-male transsexuals have a certain brain area of the same size as men, but different than women.</label>
                  <label style="display: block; margin: 3px 0;"><input type="radio" name="correctAnswer[16802]" value="C" /> Homosexual men have a smaller vomeronasal organ than heterosexual men.</label>
                  <label style="display: block; margin: 3px 0;"><input type="radio" name="correctAnswer[16802]" value="D" /> There is no brain area whose size would be correlated with sexual identity.</label>
      <br />        
      <div style="padding: 5px 0;">6.
      <strong>What would happen to a male mouse if we removed its main olfactory epithelium?</strong>  
    </div>
                <label style="display: block; margin: 3px 0;"><input type="radio" name="correctAnswer[16803]" value="A" /> Would start fighting with females instead of mating.</label>
                  <label style="display: block; margin: 3px 0;"><input type="radio" name="correctAnswer[16803]" value="B" /> Would start mating with females and males.</label>
                  <label style="display: block; margin: 3px 0;"><input type="radio" name="correctAnswer[16803]" value="C" /> Would start mating with males, and fighting with females.</label>
                  <label style="display: block; margin: 3px 0;"><input type="radio" name="correctAnswer[16803]" value="D" /> Wouldn&#039;t mate with females and fight with other males anymore.</label>
      <br />        
      <div style="padding: 5px 0;">7.
      <strong>The smell of which people I would find the most attractive?</strong>  
    </div>
                <label style="display: block; margin: 3px 0;"><input type="radio" name="correctAnswer[16804]" value="A" /> The ones with the most similar MHC.</label>
                  <label style="display: block; margin: 3px 0;"><input type="radio" name="correctAnswer[16804]" value="B" /> The ones with partially different MHC.</label>
                  <label style="display: block; margin: 3px 0;"><input type="radio" name="correctAnswer[16804]" value="C" /> The ones with the most similar TRP channels.</label>
                  <label style="display: block; margin: 3px 0;"><input type="radio" name="correctAnswer[16804]" value="D" /> The ones with partially different TRP channels.</label>
      <br />        
      <div style="padding: 5px 0;">8.
      <strong>How does oxytocin make female voles - and women! -  more attached to their partners?</strong>  
    </div>
                <label style="display: block; margin: 3px 0;"><input type="radio" name="correctAnswer[16805]" value="A" /> It blocks the memories of all previous partners.</label>
                  <label style="display: block; margin: 3px 0;"><input type="radio" name="correctAnswer[16805]" value="B" /> It makes them infertile to all other partners.</label>
                  <label style="display: block; margin: 3px 0;"><input type="radio" name="correctAnswer[16805]" value="C" /> It helps to link the pleasant sensation with the features of the partner (what he looks, sounds, smells like).</label>
                  <label style="display: block; margin: 3px 0;"><input type="radio" name="correctAnswer[16805]" value="D" /> It makes them bisexual.</label>
      <br />        
      <div style="padding: 5px 0;">9.
      <strong>What is the definition of a mouse pheromone?</strong>  
    </div>
                <label style="display: block; margin: 3px 0;"><input type="radio" name="correctAnswer[16806]" value="A" /> A molecule that regulates mouse immunity to pathogens (invading bacteria, viruses, etc)</label>
                  <label style="display: block; margin: 3px 0;"><input type="radio" name="correctAnswer[16806]" value="B" /> A chemical compound, secreted by mice, that makes other mice lose their sense of smell.</label>
                  <label style="display: block; margin: 3px 0;"><input type="radio" name="correctAnswer[16806]" value="C" /> A receptor for hormone that is released during mating: specifically, oxytocin in females, vasopressin in males.</label>
                  <label style="display: block; margin: 3px 0;"><input type="radio" name="correctAnswer[16806]" value="D" /> A chemical compound, secreted by mice, that triggers a specific behavior in other mice.</label>
      <br />        
      <div style="padding: 5px 0;">10.
      <strong>How do we test whether a vole is monogamous or polygamous?</strong>  
    </div>
                <label style="display: block; margin: 3px 0;"><input type="radio" name="correctAnswer[16807]" value="A" /> Knock out a gene in its main olfactory epithelium.</label>
                  <label style="display: block; margin: 3px 0;"><input type="radio" name="correctAnswer[16807]" value="B" /> Smell it! Monogamous voles have a distinct smell of oxytocin.</label>
                  <label style="display: block; margin: 3px 0;"><input type="radio" name="correctAnswer[16807]" value="C" /> Keep it in a cage alone, then put another vole of the same sex into the same cage, see what happens: if they mate or fight.</label>
                  <label style="display: block; margin: 3px 0;"><input type="radio" name="correctAnswer[16807]" value="D" /> Find out if it prefers to be with a vole that it has mated with, or with a new vole that it hasn&#039;t seen before.</label>
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